Opto-mechanical coupler

ABSTRACT

An opto-mechanical coupler and corresponding method are provided. The coupler may include a first end and a second end configured to receive optical fibers and a top surface and bottomed surface defining a through hole extending between the top and bottom surfaces. The coupler may include a reflective surface that redirects the optical signals between a first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The coupler may position one or more optical fibers along a second direction such that an optical signal from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed into one or more optical fibers or an optical signal from the one or more optical fibers is directed into a plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers, with the coupler accommodating different diameters of optical fiber including POF, SMF, and/or MMF fiber.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates generally to optoelectronic interfaces for transmitting optical signals through fiber optic cable systems and, more particularly, to apparatuses and associated methods of coupling fiber optic cables with optoelectronic transceiver assemblies for transmitting optical signals via fiber optic cables.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Optical fibers are thin filaments cladded in a material with a low index of refraction capable of transmitting optical signals. Various types of optical fibers are present in the art including plastic/polymer optical fiber (POF), single mode optical fiber (SMF), and multi-mode optical fiber (MMF). Traditionally, POFs are comprised of thin plastic or polymer fibers and are often utilized in short distance applications. Conversely, SMFs are comprised of thin glass fibers and are often utilized in longer distance and high speed applications. MMFs are configured similarly to SMFs, but are designed to carry multiple modes of optical signals at the same time, each signal being transmitted at a slightly different reflection angle. Unlike SMFs, which can carry optical signals over long distances, MMFs are typically used for shorter transmission distances.

Optical fibers may thus serve as the transmission media for optical signals generated by optoelectronic transceivers. For example, optical fibers are often used in conjunction with various types of light-emitting components, which generate the optical signal based on an electrical input for transmission through the fibers. Often, for example, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are used to emit light through the fiber optic cables. Other sources of light include edge emitting lasers, edge emitting silicon phontoics components, collimated VCSELs, lens integrated surface emitting lasers (LISELs), and other sources.

Applicant has identified a number of deficiencies and problems associated with conventional optical fiber couplers, interfaces, and other associated systems. Through applied effort, ingenuity, and innovation, many of these identified problems have been solved by developing solutions that are included in embodiments of the present invention, many examples of which are described in detail herein.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Opto-mechanical couplers are therefore herein described that are configured to accommodate multiple fibers of different types (e.g., different fiber diameters) without requiring major system modification.

In one embodiment, an opto-mechanical coupler is provided that includes a body defining a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is configured to receive one or more optical fibers. The coupler further includes a bottom surface supporting a plurality of optical lenses, with the optical lenses configured to allow passage of optical signals traveling in a first direction for transmission to or from a plurality of optoelectronic transceivers disposed proximate the bottom surface. The coupler may further include a top surface opposite the bottom surface.

The body defines at least one through-hole extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, and the through-hole is configured to receive a pin therethrough. The coupler further includes a reflective surface configured to redirect the optical signals between the first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The coupler may thus be configured to position the one or more optical fibers along the second direction such that an optical signal from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed into the one or more optical fibers or an optical signal received from the one or more optical fibers is directed into the plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers.

In some cases, the first end may define grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction. The first end may be configured to receive a first set of one or more optical fibers having a first diameter, and the second end may be configured to receive a second set of one or more optical fibers having a second diameter. In this regard, the first diameter and the second diameter are not equal. The first end may define grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction, and the second end may define grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a second height relative to a second optical path in the second direction, where the first height and the second height are not equal.

The first end, in some cases, may further comprise an aperture configured to receive an optical fiber, and the aperture may define a distal diameter and a proximal diameter, with the proximal diameter being smaller than the distal diameter. In some cases, the one or more optical fibers may be plastic optical fibers or single mode (or multi-mode) optical fibers. Moreover, the coupler may be configured to receive optical signals having a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm.

In other embodiments, an opto-mechanical coupler is provided that includes a body defining a first end and a second end, wherein the first end comprises an aperture configured to receive one or more optical fibers, and wherein the aperture defines a distal diameter and a proximal diameter, the proximal diameter being smaller than the distal diameter. The coupler further includes a bottom surface configured to support a plurality of optical lenses, wherein the optical lenses are configured to allow passage of optical signals traveling in a first direction for transmission to or from a plurality of optoelectronic transceivers disposed proximate the bottom surface, and further includes a top surface opposite the bottom surface. The coupler also includes a reflective surface configured to redirect the optical signals between the first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The aperture is configured such that the one or more optical fibers may be inserted into the aperture a distance based on the diameter of the one or more optical fibers. Moreover, the one or more optical fibers are positioned such that an optical signal traveling in the second direction from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed via the reflective surface into the one or more optical fibers or an optical signal from the one or more optical fibers is directed via the reflective surface into the plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers.

In some cases, the aperture may define a first distance in the second direction having a constant diameter and a second distance in the second direction, wherein the diameter of the aperture over the second distance is tapered between the distal diameter and the proximal diameter. The one or more optical fibers may be plastic optical fibers or single mode optical fibers, and the coupler may be configured to receive optical signals having a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm.

In still other embodiments, a method of manufacturing opto-mechanical couplers is also provided, where the method includes forming a body defining a first end, a second end, a bottom surface, a top surface, and a reflective surface, as described above. At least one aperture may be defined proximate the first end, wherein the aperture is configured to receive one or more optical fibers. A plurality of optical lenses may be supported via the bottom surface of the body, with the optical lenses configured to allow passage of optical signals traveling in a first direction for transmission to or from a plurality of optoelectronic transceivers disposed proximate the bottom surface. As described above, at least one through-hole may be defined extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, and the through-hole may be configured to receive a pin therethrough. The reflective surface may be configured to redirect the optical signals between the first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. In this way, the coupler may be configured to position the one or more optical fibers along the second direction such that an optical signal from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed into the one or more optical fibers or an optical signal received from the one or more optical fibers is directed into the plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers.

In some cases, as described above, the apertures of the first end may comprise grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction. The first end may be configured to receive via the apertures a first set of one or more optical fibers having a first diameter. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise defining additional apertures proximate the second end, where the additional apertures are configured to receive a second set of one or more optical fibers having a second diameter. In this regard, the first diameter and the second diameter are not equal, such that fibers having different diameters may be received by a respective end and apertures of the coupler.

In some cases, the apertures of the first end may comprise grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction, and the apertures of the second end may comprise grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a second height relative to a second optical path in the second direction, wherein the first height and the second height are not equal. Each aperture of the first end may define a distal diameter and a proximal diameter, and the proximal diameter may be smaller than the distal diameter.

The one or more optical fibers may be plastic optical fibers or single mode (or multi-mode) optical fibers, and the coupler may be configured to receive optical signals having a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an opto-mechanical coupler, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 1, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 1, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 1, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 1 in conjunction with an optoelectronic transceiver system and optical fibers, with a portion of the coupler removed, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 5 with a portion removed, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 5, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of an opto-mechanical coupler, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 8, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 8 in conjunction with a transceiver system and optical fibers, with a portion of the coupler removed, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 8 in conjunction with an optoelectronic transceiver system and optical fibers, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of an opto-mechanical coupler, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 13 illustrates a bottom view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 12, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein;

FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 12 in conjunction with an optoelectronic transceiver system and optical fibers, with a portion of the coupler removed, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein; and

FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the opto-mechanical coupler of FIG. 12 in conjunction with a transceiver system and optical fibers, in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

Optical cables are comprised of optical fibers. Optical cables may be utilized in conjunction with optical transmitters and receivers built into transceiver modules and systems located at the ends of the optical cables for transmitting and receiving the optical communication signals carried by the fibers. The transceiver modules may include small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceivers or dual SFP transceivers. The transceiver modules or systems may plug into suitable electrical communication ports, such as Gigabit Ethernet or InfiniBand® ports, of switching and computing equipment. Optoelectronic and opto-mechanical components in the transceiver modules and systems may convert the high-speed electrical signals output by the ports into optical signals for transmission over the fibers. In addition, these components may convert the optical signals received over the fibers into high-speed electrical signals for input to the ports.

In many transceiver modules and systems, laser diodes, such as VCSELs, are used to generate optical signals for transmission over optical fibers. VCSELs in particular are favored for their high bandwidth and efficiency. In some implementations, an array of such VCSELs is used to drive a corresponding array of optical fibers, which are joined together in a ribbon configuration. Optical fibers may be connected to both VCSELs and photodiode configurations on opposing ends such that one or more photodiodes may receive the light from the VCSELs and convert the incident light into electrical signals. One or more sources may provide the electrical signals for transmission from a transmitting device or receiving the electrical signals after receipt from the transmitting device, and each source may be associated with one or more VCSELs and/or photodiodes. The sources may provide electrical signals to the VCSELs, for transmission via optical fibers or may receive electrical signals received by the photodiodes via optical fibers.

In order to properly align optical fibers for receiving or transmitting optical signals, opto-mechanical couplers may be utilized. These couplers position the optical fibers such that the optical signals converted by laser diodes, such as VCSELs, properly enter the optical fibers in order to achieve effective transmission of the optical signals. opto-mechanical couplers may be utilized at both ends of an optical cable and facilitate positioning optical fibers for transmitting and receiving optical signals.

As noted above, POFs are often utilized for short distance applications and provide accurate signals when used in shorter distance applications than when utilized in long distance applications. POFs have a tighter bend radius and are more resilient due to the flexibility of the plastic or polymer utilized as the filament. Thus, POFs are often considered more user-friendly and are often easier to connect and install as compared to SMFs. POFs are often lighter in weight and cheaper than SMFs, but POFs are typically larger in diameter than SMFs. In contrast, SMFs are often used in long distance and high speed applications due to providing more accurate signals than POFs. SMFs are resistant to flexibility and accidental breakage due to their stiffness and are often more mechanically protected than POFs. Both POFs and SMFs have advantages often tailoring their utilization to specific applications.

Conventional opto-mechanical couplers and interfaces, however, are primarily designed to accommodate a single type or diameter of optical fiber in order to ensure proper optical interfacing between the transceiver system and the optical fiber. Traditionally, a new, separate transceiver was necessary when changing between optical fiber types, requiring large inventories of costly components and/or investment in new hardware.

Embodiments of the present invention that are described hereinbelow provide opto-mechanical couplers capable of interfacing with optical fibers of differing types, such as POFs and SMFs. The opto-mechanical coupler may be connected with one or more optical fibers, sometimes referred to as a ribbon, and a transceiver module or system. The optical fibers may operate as a medium by which optical signals may be transmitted over a specified distance. The transceiver module may convert received electrical signals into optical signals or optical signals into electrical signals, by way of one or more VCSELs or photodiodes, respectively. In some embodiments, the opto-mechanical coupler may have one or more reflective surfaces such that the path of the optical signals may be directed between the transceiver module and the optical fibers. Embodiments of the opto-mechanical coupler described herein may position and align one or more optical fibers in the proper location and direction to transmit or receive optical signals directed via the one or more reflective surfaces. In order to operate with both POFs and SMFs, the opto-mechanical coupler may utilize means hereinafter described.

In some embodiments, at least one end of the opto-mechanical coupler may be capable of receiving optical fibers of varying diameters, such as those common to POFs and SMFs, by utilizing a grooved surface. In such an embodiment, at least one end of the opto-mechanical coupler may include grooves in the surface for receiving optical fibers. These grooves may be configured such that a POF or SMF of a set diameter will be aligned to the proper height for receiving an optical signal for the respective fiber. In such an embodiment, two prisms in separate opto-mechanical couplers may be utilized. Each prism may be configured for use with a single type of fiber and may be configured such that the optical signals produced by the transceiver module may be directed to an aligned optical fiber.

In some embodiments, each end of the opto-mechanical coupler may be capable of receiving optical fibers of a specific diameter, such as those common to POFs and SMFs, by utilizing a grooved surface. For example, the first end may be configured to receive POFs, while the second end may be configured to receive SMFs. In such an embodiment, the appropriate side of the opto-mechanical coupler may be utilized depending on the optical fiber used in the application. If another type of optical fiber is needed in the application, the orientation of the opto-mechanical coupler may be reversed such that the opposite end is used to receive the optical fibers. In such an embodiment, two reflective surfaces may be used such that each reflective surface is configured to align the optical signals at a position appropriate for its respective fiber (e.g., POF or SMF).

In some embodiments, at least one end of the opto-mechanical coupler may be capable of receiving optical fibers of varying diameters, such as those common to POFs and SMFs, by utilizing a tapered aperture. In such an embodiment, at least one end of the opto-mechanical coupler may have an aperture for receiving optical fibers. This aperture may extend through the body of the opto-mechanical couple and may vary in diameter, with a smaller proximal diameter closest to the transceiver module or system, and a larger distal diameter farther from the transceiver module. In such an embodiment, optical fibers of varying diameters may only be inserted into the aperture a set distance until the aperture narrows to a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber. This aperture may be configured such that a POF or SMF of a set diameter may only be inserted into the aperture a set distance, with the aperture configured to align the fiber at the proper height for receiving an optical signal for the respective fiber.

For the sake of clarity and convenience of description, the embodiments that are described below refer to a particular optical cable configuration, using VCSELs as emitters and certain types of switching elements. The principles of the present invention, however, may similarly be implemented using other types of emitters and switching elements, as well as other optoelectronic transceiver components (e.g., photodiodes and differently configured optical cables and connector modules).

Coupling Mechanisms

With reference to FIG. 1, an opto-mechanical coupler according to one embodiment is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 1, an opto-mechanical coupler 100 may have a first end 105, a second end 110, a top surface 115, a bottom surface (bottom surface 300 in FIG. 3), a reflective surface 120, and a through-hole 125. As described in greater detail below, the first end 105 may be configured so that one or more optical fibers may be properly aligned with the reflective surface 120 to transmit or receive optical signals.

With continued reference to FIG. 1, the first end 105 may be configured to receive one or more optical fibers. Optical fibers may be inserted into the opto-mechanical coupler 100 via the first end 105 such that an end of each fiber is disposed proximate the reflective surface 120. For example, the first end 105 of the opto-mechanical coupler may in some embodiments be grooved (e.g., channeled, ribbed, ridged, etc.) such that one or more optical fibers may be pressed down into the respective grooves of the opto-mechanical coupler 100 and thereby aligned with the reflective surface 120 to properly receive optical signals.

The reflective surface 120 may be configured to redirect optical signals such that the optical signals are aligned with the one or more optical fibers. In some embodiments, the reflective surface 120 may receive optical signals from at least one transceiver module or system. The transceiver module (shown as transceiver module 515 in FIGS. 5-7) may, for example, be configured to convert electrical signals into optical signals through the use of one or more VCSELs. The VCSELs may emit optical signals in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the one or more optical fibers may be oriented, as depicted in the figures. The reflective surface 120 may be configured to change a pathway of the optical signals, by reflecting the optical signals that are incident to the reflective surface 120, thereby redirecting them by a certain angle. In some embodiments, the reflective surface 120 may redirect optical signals such that they travel in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the direction the optical signals are initially transmitted by the one or more VCSELs. In this regard, the reflective surface 120 may be comprised of any reflective material suitable for use in optoelectronics (e.g., prisms, mirrors, among others).

The transceiver module 515 may also be configured to convert optical signals into electrical signals through the use of one or more photodiodes. The photodiodes may receive optical signals from the one or more optical fibers. The reflective surface 120 may be configured to change a pathway of the optical signals, by reflecting the optical signals that are incident to the reflective surface 120, thereby redirecting them by a certain angle. In some embodiments, the reflective surface 120 may redirect optical signals such that they travel in a direction towards the photodiode(s) that is substantially perpendicular to the direction the optical signals are transmitted through the one or more optical fibers as a result of the reflective surface.

The top surface 115 and the bottom surface (bottom surface 300 shown in FIG. 3) of the opto-mechanical coupler 100 may define a through-hole 125. In order to ensure that the optical signals are properly positioned to align the one or more optical fibers with the optoelectronic transceiver modules, the opto-mechanical coupler 100 may be secured to a printed circuit board or substrate supporting the optoelectronic transceivers 515 such that the one or more optical fibers cannot move relative to the optoelectronic transceivers. For example, the through-hole 125 may be configured to receive a pin as a means for securing the opto-mechanical coupler 100. Although the depicted embodiment shows two through-holes 125 capable of receiving pins for securing the opto-mechanical coupler 100, the present disclosure contemplates any number of through-holes for receiving one, two, or more pins, and in other embodiments may include different means for securing an opto-mechanical coupler 100 (e.g., pins, snaps, or clamps, among others).

With reference to FIGS. 2-4, embodiments of the opto-mechanical coupler 100 may have a bottom surface 300 configured to support a plurality of optical lenses 200. In some embodiments, a plurality of transceiver modules may be positioned proximate the bottom surface 300 of the opto-mechanical coupler 100. In order for the optical signals to pass between the transceiver module or system and the one or more optical fibers for transmission, the optical lenses 200 supported by/within the bottom surface 300 may be configured to allow optical signals generated by the optoelectronic transceivers 515 (e.g., VCSELs) to pass through the bottom surface 300 and be directed to the reflective surface 120 for redirection to the core of an optical fiber 510. Likewise, optical signals traveling through the optical fiber 510 and hitting the reflective surface 120 may be redirected through the optical lenses 200 to reach the optoelectronic transceiver (e.g., a photodiode). In some cases, for example, the optical lenses 200 are embedded in the material of the opto-mechanical coupler 100, such as proximate the bottom surface 300.

With reference to FIGS. 5-7, an opto-mechanical coupler 100 according to one embodiment is depicted in conjunction with a substrate 500, two pins 505, optical fibers 510, a plurality of transceiver modules 515, and two drivers 520. A substrate 500 may be utilized in conjunction with pins 505 in some opto-mechanical coupler embodiments as a means for securing the opto-mechanical coupler 100 with respect to the optoelectronic transceiver 515 and the one or more optical fibers 510. As described above, one or more through-holes 125 may be configured to receive one or more pins 505 to secure the opto-mechanical coupler 100 from movement such that the one or more optical fibers 510 are properly aligned for transmitting or receiving optical signals. Conversely, in other embodiments, the pins 505 or similar fastening structures may form a part of the opto-mechanical coupler 100 (e.g., may be attached to the opto-mechanical coupler or extend from the opto-mechanical coupler, not shown) and may be received via openings defined the substrate 500 to which the opto-mechanical coupler 100 is mounted.

As depicted in FIGS. 5-7, one or more optical fibers may be positioned and aligned via grooves disposed through the first end 105. Although depicted with optical fibers of a certain diameter in FIG. 5-7, the present disclosure contemplates that the grooves defined by the first end 105 may be configured to accommodate optical fibers of any type and/or diameter, including POFs, SMFs, and MMFs, as would be understood by one or ordinary skill in the art in light of this disclosure. Additionally, the opto-mechanical coupler 100 may be configured to operate with optical signals transmitted through POFs at a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm and/or, alternatively, at nominal wavelengths of 850 nm and 1550 nm. Although described in conjunction with optical signals at a wavelength of 1310 nm, 850 nm, and/or 1550 nm, the present disclosure contemplates small variations in wavelength that are common to optical transmissions. The present disclosure contemplates utilizing optical signals at any wavelength as would be suitable for transmission via one or more POFs, SMFs, or MMFs.

One or more optical fibers 510 may be positioned via grooves disposed at the first end 105. The grooves may operate to align the core of the one or more optical fibers 510 to the correct height relative to the desired optical path of the optical signals with respect to the reflective surface 120. The grooves may, for example, have a v-shaped cross-section and extend partially through the body of the opto-mechanical coupler 100 to a distance proximate the reflective surface 120. The circular cross-section of the one or more optical fibers may rest in the grooves such that the core of the optical fiber is correctly aligned (e.g., positioned at the right height) with the desired optical path of the optical signals.

In some cases, different reflective surfaces 120 may be needed to accommodate optical fibers having different cross-sectional diameters. For example, an optical fiber with a larger diameter (e.g., a POF) may be aligned by the grooves of the first end 105 to a first height appropriate for directing an optical signal to or from a first reflective surface, while an optical fiber with a smaller diameter (e.g., an SMF) may be aligned by the grooves of the first end 105 to a second height appropriate for directing an optical signal to or from a second reflective surface. Because the heights differ when placed in the same groove configuration due to the different diameters of the optical fibers, two reflective surfaces (e.g., prisms) in separate opto-mechanical couplers 100 may be utilized, and the user may switch between the different opto-mechanical couplers 100 when switching between optical fiber types, such as by removing the pins of an installed opto-mechanical coupler and replacing it with a different opto-mechanical coupler via the pins.

The embodiment described above with reference to FIGS. 1-7 provides an opto-mechanical coupler 100 that is configured to accommodate a single type of fiber (e.g., a particular fiber diameter) corresponding to the size, shape, and positioning of the apertures (e.g., v-shaped grooves) of the first end 105 with respect to the position and orientation of the reflective surface 120 defined by the coupler body. Thus, when switching between different types of fibers (e.g., between SMF, MMF, and POF or between different fiber diameters), one opto-mechanical coupler 100 would need to be switched out with another, differently sized opto-mechanical coupler, as described above.

With reference to FIGS. 8-9, however, other embodiments provide an opto-mechanical coupler that is configured to accommodate two or more different types or diameter-size of fiber, eliminating the need to switch out couplers when changing between fibers. Rather, even when one set of fibers having a first diameter is switched out with a second set of fibers having a second, different diameter, the same opt-mechanical coupler may be used, with the coupler configured as described below such that regardless of the fiber diameter, the light from the source is automatically aligned with the core of the fiber by virtue of the configuration of the coupler as described below.

As shown in FIG. 8, an opto-mechanical coupler 800 according to one such embodiment may have a first end 805, a second end 810, a top surface 815, a bottom surface (bottom surface 860 in FIG. 11), two reflective surfaces 820, one or more through-holes 825, and a plurality of optical lenses 830 supported via the bottom of the coupler. As described in greater detail below, the first end 805 may be configured such that one or more optical fibers of one type may be properly aligned with a reflective surface 820 to transmit or receive optical signals, while the second end 810 may be configured so that one or more optical fibers of another type may be properly aligned with a reflective surface 820 to transmit or receive optical signals.

With continued reference to FIGS. 8-9, the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may have a first end 805 configured to receive one or more optical fibers of a first type or of a first diameter. The optical fibers of the first type/diameter may be inserted into the opto-mechanical coupler 800 through the first end 805 such that an end of each fiber is disposed proximate the reflective surface 820 configured for redirecting optical signals via one or more optical fibers of the first type. In some embodiments, the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may have a second end 810 configured to receive one or more optical fibers of a second type or of a second diameter. The optical fibers of the second type/diameter may be inserted into the opto-mechanical coupler 800 through the second end 810 such that an end of each fiber is disposed proximate the reflective surface 820 configured for redirecting optical signals via one or more optical fibers of a second type. By way of example, the first end 805 may be configured to align POFs, while the second end 810 may be configured to align SMFs. Depending on the type of optical fiber that is to be used, the user may install the opto-mechanical coupler such that the appropriate end is accessible and can be used to receive the optical fibers. If later a different type of optical fiber is desired, the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may be unsecured (e.g., by removing the pins as described above) and its orientation may be reversed to provide access to the other end. Likewise, if the same type of fiber (e.g., POF), but having a different fiber diameter, is desired (e.g., larger or smaller), the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may be reversed as described above to provide access to the other end, which may be sized to accommodate the different diameter. As still another example, one side of the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may be configured to accommodate SMF, while the other is configured to accommodate MMF. In this way, a single opto-mechanical coupler may be capable of accommodating optical fibers having different diameters.

As discussed above, in some embodiments, the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may have two reflective surfaces 820 each configured to align optical signals for transmission via one or more optical fibers of a certain type. By way of example, the reflective surface 820 positioned closest to the first end 805 may be configured (e.g., sized, shaped, positioned, etc.) to align optical signals for transmission via one or more POFs, while the reflective surface 820 closest to the second end 810 may be configured to align optical signals for transmission via one or more SMFs.

The top surface 815 and the bottom surface (bottom surface 860 in FIG. 11) may define one or more through-holes 825, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3. The opto-mechanical coupler 800 may have a bottom surface 860 configured to support a plurality of optical lenses 830. As described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4, a plurality of transceiver modules may be positioned proximate the bottom surface 860 of the opto-mechanical coupler 800, such that the optical signals can pass between the transceiver module or system and the respective reflective surface 820 via the optical lenses 830.

As depicted in FIGS. 10-11, one or more optical fibers may be received, secured, and aligned via the first end 805 or via the second end 810. Although depicted with optical fibers of a certain diameter in FIG. 10-11, the present disclosure contemplates that the first end 805 and second end 810 may be configured (e.g., sized and shaped) to accommodate optical fibers of any diameter, as would be understood by one or ordinary skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. By way of example, the first end 805 may be configured to receive POFs with a diameter of approximately 1 mm while the second end 810 may be configured to receive SMFs with a diameter of approximately 125 μm. Additionally, the opto-mechanical coupler 800 may be configured to operate with optical signals at a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm and/or, alternatively, at nominal wavelengths of 850 nm and 1550 nm. Although described in conjunction with optical signals at a wavelength of 1310 nm, 850 nm, and/or 1550 nm, the present disclosure contemplates that small variations in wavelength are common in optical transmissions. The present disclosure contemplates utilizing optical signals at any wavelength as would be suitable for transmission via one or more POFs, SMFs, or MMFs.

With reference to FIG. 12, an opto-mechanical coupler according to one embodiment is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 12, the opto-mechanical coupler 1200 may have a first end 1205, a second end 1210, a top surface 1215, a bottom surface 1300 (shown in FIG. 15), a reflective surface 1220, an aperture 1230, and a through-hole 1225. As described in greater detail below, the first end 1205 may define an aperture 1230 such that that one or more optical fibers may be properly aligned with the reflective surface 1220 to transmit or receive optical signals.

With continued reference to FIG. 12, the first end 1205 may be configured to receive one or more optical fibers. The optical fibers may be inserted into the opto-mechanical coupler 1200 through the first end 1205 such that an end of each fiber is disposed proximate the reflective surface 1220. The first end 1205 may define an aperture 1230 such that one or more optical fibers may be received by the opto-mechanical coupler 1200 and aligned with the reflective surface 1220 to properly transmit or receive optical signals. As shown in FIGS. 14-15, the aperture 1230 may extend through the body of the coupler, and the diameter of the aperture may vary, such that the aperture may have a smaller proximal diameter 1500 at a location closest to the reflective surface 1220 and a larger distal diameter 1505 at a location farther from the reflective surface 1220. In such an embodiment, an optical fiber may only be inserted into the aperture 1230 a set distance (e.g., through a predefined length of the aperture) until the aperture 1230 narrows to a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the optical fiber. This aperture 1230 may be configured such that a POF or SMF of a set diameter may only be inserted into the aperture 1230 to a set distance; however, because the varying diameters of the aperture 1230 are concentric, fibers of any diameter will be secured by the aperture 1230 such that a central axis of the core of each type of fiber is at the proper height for communicating an optical signal via the same reflective surface 1220.

The top surface 1515 and the bottom surface (bottom surface 1300 in FIG. 13) may define one or more through-holes 1225, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3. The opto-mechanical coupler 1200 may have a bottom surface 1300 configured to support a plurality of optical lenses 1305. As described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4, a plurality of transceiver modules may be positioned proximate the bottom surface 1300 of the opto-mechanical coupler 1200, such that the optical signals can pass between the transceiver module or system and the respective reflective surface 1220 via the optical lenses 1305.

In some embodiments, the aperture 1230 may be configured to define a first distance proximate the first end, where the diameter of the aperture is constant along the first distance to limit the movement of the one or more optical fibers 1405 in all but the axial direction (e.g., direction of insertion), such as to facilitate insertion. In such an embodiment, the aperture may define a second distance closer to the reflective surface 1220 where the diameter of the aperture tapers from a larger distal diameter 1505 to a smaller proximal diameter 1500.

As depicted in FIGS. 12-15, one or more optical fibers may be received, secured, and aligned via the first end 1205 and aperture 1230. Although depicted with optical fibers of a certain diameter in FIG. 12-15, the present disclosure contemplates that the first end 1205 and aperture 1230 may be configured (e.g., sized and shaped) to accommodate optical fibers of any diameter, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. Additionally, the opto-mechanical coupler 1200 may be configured to operate with optical signals at a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm and/or, alternatively, at nominal wavelengths of 850 nm and 1550 nm. Although described in conjunction with optical signals at a wavelength of 1310 nm, 850 nm, and/or 1550 nm, the present disclosure contemplates that small variations in wavelength may also be accommodated in accordance with acceptable tolerances in the field. Accordingly, the present disclosure contemplates utilizing optical signals at any wavelength as would be suitable for transmission via one or more POFs or SMFs.

Embodiments of a method of manufacturing opto-mechanical couplers, such as those described above, are also provided, where the method includes forming a body defining a first end, a second end, a bottom surface, a top surface, and a reflective surface, as described above. At least one aperture may be defined proximate the first end, wherein the aperture is configured to receive one or more optical fibers. A plurality of optical lenses may be supported via the bottom surface of the body, with the optical lenses configured to allow passage of optical signals traveling in a first direction for transmission to or from a plurality of optoelectronic transceivers disposed proximate the bottom surface. As described above, at least one through-hole may be defined extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, and the through-hole may be configured to receive a pin therethrough. The reflective surface may be configured to redirect the optical signals between the first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. In this way, the coupler may be configured to position the one or more optical fibers along the second direction such that an optical signal from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed into the one or more optical fibers or an optical signal received from the one or more optical fibers is directed into the plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers.

In some cases, as described above, the apertures of the first end may comprise grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction. The first end may be configured to receive via the apertures a first set of one or more optical fibers having a first diameter. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise defining additional apertures proximate the second end, where the additional apertures are configured to receive a second set of one or more optical fibers having a second diameter, as shown, for example, in FIG. 8. In this regard, the first diameter and the second diameter are not equal, such that fibers having different diameters may be received by a respective end and apertures of the coupler, as described above.

In some cases, the apertures of the first end may comprise grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction, and the apertures of the second end may comprise grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a second height relative to a second optical path in the second direction, wherein the first height and the second height are not equal. Each aperture of the first end may define a distal diameter and a proximal diameter, and the proximal diameter may be smaller than the distal diameter.

Accordingly, the one or more optical fibers may be plastic optical fibers or single mode (or multi-mode) optical fibers, and the coupler may be configured to receive optical signals having a nominal wavelength of 850 nm, 1310 nm, and/or 1550 nm.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Although the figures only show certain components of the apparatus and systems described herein, it is understood that various other components may also be part of the opto-mechanical coupler and transceiver modules. Moreover, although the examples described herein refer primarily to an opto-mechanical coupler that can accommodate POF and SMF, embodiments of the application may be used to accommodate a number of different types of fiber having different diameters, including POF, SMF, and MMF, among others, and embodiments of the invention described herein may be applied to various optoelectronic systems that use VCSELs, edge emitting lasers, edge emitting silicon phontoics components, collimated VCSELs, LISELs, and other sources to emit light through the fiber optic cables. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An opto-mechanical coupler comprising: a body defining: a first end configured to receive one or more optical fibers having a first diameter; a second end opposite the first end, wherein the second end is configured to receive one or more optical fibers having a second diameter; a bottom surface supporting a plurality of optical lenses, wherein the optical lenses are configured to allow passage of optical signals traveling in a first direction for transmission to or from a plurality of optoelectronic transceivers disposed proximate the bottom surface, and a top surface opposite the bottom surface, wherein the body defines at least one through-hole extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the through-hole is configured to receive a pin therethrough; and a reflective surface configured to redirect the optical signals between the first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, wherein, in an installed state, the coupler is configured to receive the one or more optical fibers via only a selected one of the first end or the second end so as to position the one or more optical fibers along the second direction via the selected one of the first end or the second end and such that an optical signal from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed into the one or more optical fibers or an optical signal received from the one or more optical fibers is directed into the plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers.
 2. The opto-mechanical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the first end defines grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction.
 3. The opto-mechanical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the first diameter and the second diameter are not equal.
 4. The opto-mechanical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the first end defines grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction, and wherein the second end defines grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a second height relative to a second optical path in the second direction, wherein the first height and the second height are not equal.
 5. The opto-mechanical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the first end further comprises an aperture configured to receive an optical fiber, wherein the aperture defines a distal diameter and a proximal diameter, wherein the proximal diameter is smaller than the distal diameter.
 6. The opto-mechanical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the one or more optical fibers are plastic optical fibers or single mode optical fibers.
 7. The opto-mechanical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the coupler is configured to receive optical signals having a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm.
 8. A method of manufacturing an opto-mechanical coupler comprising: forming a body defining a first end, a second end opposite the first end, a bottom surface, a top surface, and a reflective surface, wherein the first end is configured to receive one or more optical fibers having a first diameter and the second end is configured to receive one or more optical fibers having a second diameter; supporting a plurality of optical lenses via the bottom surface of the body, wherein the optical lenses are configured to allow passage of optical signals traveling in a first direction for transmission to or from a plurality of optoelectronic transceivers disposed proximate the bottom surface; and defining at least one through-hole extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the through-hole is configured to receive a pin therethrough; wherein, in an installed state, the coupler is configured to receive the one or more optical fibers via only a selected one of the first end or the second end so as to position the one or more optical fibers along the second direction via the selected one of the first end or the second end and such that an optical signal from the plurality of optoelectronic transceivers is directed into the one or more optical fibers or an optical signal received from the one or more optical fibers is directed into the plurality of the optoelectronic transceivers.
 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the first end defines grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a height relative to a first optical path in the second direction, and wherein the second end defines grooves configured to locate each optical fiber at a second height relative to a second optical path in the second direction, wherein the first height and the second height are not equal.
 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the one or more optical fibers are plastic optical fibers or single mode optical fibers.
 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the coupler is configured to receive optical signals having a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm.
 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the first diameter and the second diameter are not equal. 